The grain complex of Saemangeum is created for promoting the foundation of agriculture combined the global competitiveness. However, the masterplan is being also revised with changing of local conditions and social needs. Thus, the dynamic masterplan is needed to consider the change of time for Saemangeum project. The present study was made to set up the dynamic masterplan of Saemangeum grain complex for handling the change such as project progress, local environment, and project conditions flexibly. In this study, the dynamic masterplan for the progressive development of water supply, farmland composition, and introduction facilities is presented to the 6-2 zone in three stages. We believed that the water supply would be possible through the pumping and desalination facilities with the development stages. The farmland composition proceeded for each complex with reclamation, soil preparation, and soft soil processing. And it is planned to carry out crop cultivation from the complex where the construction is completed first. The introduction facilities were analyzed focusing on the silos and forage loading facilities, and the optimal location of them was selected using road and accessibility. The concept of dynamic masterplan may provide the direction for the planning and progress of reclamation project.
Risk Assessment of Agricultural Construction Works using Accident Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process
양영진 Yang Young Jin , 오수훈 Oh Sue Hoon , 노재경 Noh Jae Kyoung
The accident risk at the construction workplace associated with agricultural engineering is comparatively higher than those of other fields due mainly to its complex work types and processes. Agricultural engineering deals with a variety of agricultural infrastructures from irrigation and drainage facilities to giant-scale coastal reclamation land infrastructures. The characteristics that most agricultural projects have conducted on a small-scale even worsen the situation drawing low attentions to risk management. Therefore, systematical risk assessment that focuses on details of agricultural construction work process is required in order to enhance safety management capacity and to prevent repetitive accidents ultimately. This study aims to categorize construction work types and processes of agricultural construction works, and to quantitatively assess the accident risk of them based on accident analysis. Regarding classification of construction works, actual 827 accident cases were thoroughly reviewed and coded by their construction site, facility and work type, project scale and so on. Most accidents (71.8 % of total cases) occurred in small-scale construction workplaces with less than 5 billion Korean won project budget. And those accidents related to agricultural infrastructure project (37.4%) and agricultural water development project (22.4%). In terms of work types, accidents frequently took place in form-work followed by pipe installation work, steel bar work and concrete work. The potential risks were compared with actual outbreak of accidents based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results show that the potential conditions of accident expected to be took place is somewhat different from the actual conditions where accidents actually happened. This implicates that risk management manuals or education needs to be adjusted by reflecting unexpected circumstances. Overall, this study is meaningful in that the results could be foundations as to strengthen risk management capacity for agricultural engineering projects.
A Study on the Upland Use Plans Using Farm Manager Registration Information and Spatial Data
Food consumption pattern changes, including a decrease in rice consumption and increasing demand for fresh vegetables, along with declining food self-sufficiency rate, more importance is being placed on agricultural industry within Korea. Taking these changes into consideration, there is an increasing necessity for managing upland fields on agricultural sector to revitalize agricultural land use. Therefore, in this study, upland use type was classified into agricultural economic, environmental conservation, and rural social frames. The purpose of this study was to suggest upland use plan with farm manager registration information and spatial data. As results of this analysis, the mean area of agricultural economic frame in Haenam (16.47 ha) was found to be wider than Muan (3.17 ha), and scale improvement zones (54 zones) were located in only Haenam. In case of environmental conservation frame, there’s no zone of scenic agriculture land in both study areas, but landuse transition zones were located in Muan (278 zones) and Haenam (604 zones). Agro-healing zones of rural social frame were 1,018 zones in Muan and 1,588 zones in Haenam and kitchen garden sites were 342 zones in Muan and 370 zones in Haenam. These results could be used when we establish the plan of an agricultural infrastructure project or select places for a collaborative agricultural land use project.
Assessment of the Meteorological Characteristics and Statistical Drought Frequency for the Extreme 2017 Spring Drought Event Across South Korea
방나경 Bang Na-kyoung , 남원호 Nam Won-ho , 홍은미 Hong Eun-mi , Michael J. Hayes , Mark D. Svoboda
The extreme 2017 spring drought affected a large portion of central and western South Korea, and was one of the most climatologically driest spring seasons over the 1961-2016 period of record. This drought was characterized by exceptionally low precipitation, with total precipitation from January to June being 50% lower than the mean normal precipitation (1981-2010) over most of western South Korea. In this study, for the quantitative drought impact analysis, the widely-used Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the statistical drought frequency are compared with observed meteorological characteristics and anomalies. According to the drought frequency analysis of monthly cumulative precipitation during January and May in 2017, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, and Jeollanam-do areas showed more than drought frequency over 100 years. Gyeongsangnam-do area showed more than drought frequency over 200 years based on annual precipitation in 2017. The South Korean government (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) and Korea Rural Community Corporation (KRC)) have been operating a government-level drought monitoring system since 2016. Results from this study can be used to improve the drought monitoring applications of future drought events, as well as drought planning and preparedness in South Korea.
Development of Landsat-based Downscaling Algorithm for SMAP Soil Moisture Footprints
이태화 Taehwa Lee , 김상우 Sangwoo Kim , 신용철 Yongchul Shin
With increasing satellite-based RS(Remotely Sensed) techniques, RS soil moisture footprints have been providing for various purposes at the spatio-temporal scales in hydrology, agriculture, etc. However, their coarse resolutions still limit the applicability of RS soil moisture to field regions. To overcome these drawbacks, the LDA(Landsat-based Downscaling Algorithm) was developed to downscale RS soil moisture footprints from the coarse- to finer-scales. LDA estimates Landsat-based soil moisture(30m×30m) values in a spatial domain, and then the weighting values based on the Landsat-based soil moisture estimates were derived at the finer-scale. Then, the coarse-scale RS soil moisture footprints can be downscaled based on the derived weighting values. The LW21(Little Washita) site in Oklahoma(USA) was selected to validate the LDA scheme. In-situ soil moisture data measured at the multiple sampling locations that can reprent the airborne sensing ESTAR(Electronically Scanned Thinned Array Radiometer, 800m×800m) scale were available at the LW21 site. LDA downscaled the ESTAR soil moisture products, and the downscaled values were validated with the in-situ measurements. The soil moisture values downscaled from ESTAR were identified well with the in-situ measurements, although uncertainties exist. Furthermore, the SMAP(Soil Moisture Active & Passive, 9km×9km) soil moisture products were downscaled by the LDA. Although the validation works have limitations at the SMAP scale, the downscaled soil moisture values can represent the land surface condition. Thus, the LDA scheme can downscale RS soil moisture products with easy application and be helpful for efficient water management plans in hydrology, agriculture, environment, etc. at field regions.
Prediction of Blasting-induced Vibration at Sintanjin Area, Daejeon using Borehole Test Blasting
Problems on vibration due to blasting for infrastructure development are getting important because of a civil appeal. Blasting-induced vibration is representative construction pollution, hence, it is possible that a number of environmental damages occur. In this study, borehole test blasting was conducted at Sintanjin area, Daejeon and square root equation with 95% confidence level was proposed for prediction of blasting-induced vibration. The vibration value predicted from this equation was more conservatively evaluated than the values predicted from U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines (USBM) and Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd. (NOF) equations. Therefore, the proposed equation in this study seems to contribute for safety blast design. However, for optimal blast design, inducing equation for prediction of blasting-induced vibration through the identical test blasting with field construction such as rock slope blasting would be required.
Analysis of Water Supply Probability for Agricultural Reservoirs Considering Non-irrigation Period Precipitation using RCP Scenarios
방재홍 Bang Jehong , 최진용 Choi Jin-yong , 이상현 Lee Sang-hyun
The main function of an agricultural reservoir is to supply irrigation water to paddy rice fields in South Korea. Therefore, the operation of a reservoir is significantly affected by the phenology of paddy rice. For example, the early stage of irrigation season, a lot of irrigation water is required for transplanting rice. Therefore, water storage in the reservoir before irrigation season can be a key factor for sustainable irrigation, and it becomes more important under climate change situation. In this study, we analyzed the climate change impacts on reservoir storage rate at the beginning of irrigation period and simulated the reservoir storage, runoff, and irrigation water requirement under RCP scenarios. Frequency analysis was conducted with simulation results to analyze water supply probabilities of reservoirs. Water supply probability was lower in RCP 8.5 scenario than in RCP 4.5 scenario because of low precipitation in the non-irrigation period. Study reservoirs are classified into 5 groups by water supply probability. Reservoirs in group 5 showed more than 85 percentage probabilities to be filled up from half-filled condition during the non-irrigation period, whereas group 1 showed less than 5 percentages. In conclusion, reservoir capacity to catchment area ratio mainly affected water supply probability. If the ratio was high, reservoirs tended to have a low possibility to supply enough irrigation water amount.
Assessment of Agricultural Drought Using Satellite-based TRMM/GPM Precipitation Images: At the Province of Chungcheongbuk-do
이태화 Lee Taehwa , 김상우 Kim Sangwoo , 정영훈 Jung Younghun , 신용철 Shin Yongchul
In this study, we assessed meteorological and agricultural drought based on the SPI(Standardized Precipitation Index), SMP(Soil Moisture Percentile), and SMDI(Soil Moisture Deficit Index) indices using satellite-based TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)/GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement) images at the province of Chungcheongbuk-do. The long-term(2000-2015) TRMM/GPM precipitation data were used to estimate the SPI values. Then, we estimated the spatially-/temporally-distributed soil moisture values based on the near-surface soil moisture data assimilation scheme using the TRMM/GPM and MODIS(MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) images. Overall, the SPI value was significantly affected by the precipitation at the study region, while both the precipitation and land surface condition have influences on the SMP and SMDI values. But the SMP index showed the relatively extreme wet/dry conditions compared to SPI and SMDI, because SMP only calculates the percentage of current wetness condition without considering the impacts of past wetness condition. Considering that different drought indices have their own advantages and disadvantages, the SMDI index could be useful for evaluating agricultural drought and establishing efficient water management plans.
Modeling of Suspended Sediment Transport Using Deep Neural Networks
봉태호 Bong Tae-ho , 손영환 Son Young-hwan , 김규선 Kim Kyu-sun , 김동근 Kim Dong-geun
Land reclamation, coastal construction, coastline extension and port construction, all of which involve dredging, are increasingly required to meet the growing economic and societal demands in the coastal zone. During the land reclamation, a portion of landfills are lost from the desired location due to a variety of causes, and therefore prediction of sediment transport is very important for economical and efficient land reclamation management. In this study, laboratory disposal tests were performed using an open channel, and suspended sediment transport was analyzed according to flow velocity and grain size. The relationships between the average and standard deviation of the deposition distance and the flow velocity were almost linear, and the relationships between the average and standard deviation of deposition distance and the grain size were found to have high non-linearity in the form of power law. The deposition distribution of sediments was demonstrated to have log-normal distributions regardless of the flow velocity. Based on the experimental results, modeling of suspended sediment transport was performed using deep neural network, one of deep learning techniques, and the deposition distribution was reproduced through log-normal distribution.
Assessment of the Impacts of Rice Self-sufficiency on National Rresources in Korea through Water-Energy-Food-Land Nexus Approach
이상현 Lee Sang-hyun , 최진용 Choi Jin-yong , 유승환 Yoo Seung-hwan , 허승오 Hur Seung-oh
The aim of this study is to apply the Water-Energy-Food-Land Nexus approach which can analyze the trade-offs among resources, and assess the holistic impacts of food security. First, we applied rice as a study crop and analyzed the trend of consumption of rice and the area of paddy fields. Second, the portfolios of water, energy, and land for rice production were constructed using data of footprints and productivity. Finally, the self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) of rice in target year was set as food security scenario and assessed the impacts of food security on water, energy, and land availability. In 2030, the SSR of rice decreased to 87 %, and water use for producing rice decreased from 4,728 to 3,350 million ㎥, and the water availability index increased from 0.33 to 0.53. However, food security is essential issue and we set the 50 % and 100 % SSR of rice as high and low food security scenarios. For 100% SSR in 2030, about 3,508 million ㎥ water was required and water availability index reached to 0.5. In other words, there is the trade-off between food security and water-energy-lands availability. Therefore, it is difficult to make a decision whether a high level of SSR is better or worse. However, this study showed the both positive and negative impacts by change of food security and it can be useful for setting the policy decision considering both food security and sustainable resource management at the same time.
Characteristics of Field Uplift Tests of Continuous Greenhouse using the Load Control Method
임성윤 Lim Seong-yoon , 김명환 Kim Myeong-hwan , 김유용 Kim Yu-yong , 유석철 Yu Seok-chul , 김석진 Kim Seok-jin , 임재삼 Lim Jae-sam
Institutional inertia anti-disaster standard was presented mainly on the upper surface, it is necessary to improve to the soil type standard and uplift the resistance standard greenhouse that are vulnerable to strong winds. In this study, we carried out a field test using the load control method in order to evaluate the uplift resistance of continuous foundation of greenhouse with different depths of the rafters. Institutional inertia anti-disaster standard of greenhouse foundation did not protect the greenhouse structure from the damages caused by strong winds and heavy snow. Therefore, field tests for behavior characteristics of continuous greenhouse foundation were carried out to ensure stable facility cultivation. The field test condition was evaluated using different embedded depth as follows: 30cm, 40cm, 50cm and spacing 50cm, 60cm, 70 cm. As a result of the uplift resistance field tests using the load control method, the minimum uplift resistance was found to be over 90kg and uplift resistance displacement was 9.4mm. Uplift resistance of the continuous greenhouse foundation was in the range of 90-180 kg according to embedded depth and spacing. Using the test condition, there was no constant trend in the uplift resistance.
Estimation of THI Index to Evaluate Thermal Stress of Piglets in Summer Season
하태환 Ha Taehwan , 권경석 Kwon Kyeong-seok , 이인복 Lee In-bok , 김락우 Kim Rack-woo , 여욱현 Yeo Uk-hyeon , 이상연 Lee Sangyeon , 최희철 Choi Hee-chul , 김종복 Kim Jong-bok , 이준엽 Lee Jun-yeob , 전중환 Jeon Jung-hwan , 우샘이 Woo Saemee , 양가영 Yang Ka-young
Thermal stress of pigs causes decreased feed consumption and weight gain rate, immunosuppression, reproductive disorders, and increased mortality. The concept of the temperature-humidity index (THI) has been widely used to evaluate the degree of thermal stress of pigs. However, use of this concept is strongly restricted for animals living in the enclosed facilities. In this study, Building Energy Simulation (BES) technique was used to realize the energy flow among outside weather conditions, building materials, and animals. Especially, mechanisms of sensible and latent heat generation from pigs according to surrounding air temperature and their weight were designed to accurately evaluate the THI values inside the pig house. The THI values computed by the BES model were compared to those calculated by method of the report (NIAS, 2016), the model of this study predicted the start date of heat stress about 9∼76 days earlier compared to the NIAS model. Results of the BES model also showed higher frequencies of the THI above the THI threshold for pigs, indicating that conventional model has a possibility of underestimating the degree of heat stress of pigs.
Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Best Management Practices of Highland Agricultural Watershed under RCP Scenarios using SWAT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reduction effect of non point source (NPS) pollution in Haean highland agricultural catchment (62.8 km2) for 13 BMP scenarios under RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Under the present climate condition, the BMP (best management practices) reduction efficiency of SS (suspended solid), T-N (total nitrogen), and T-P (total phosphorus) showed +25.7%, +4.2%, and +16.1% for VFS (vegetative filter strip), +0.1%, +15.6%, and +5.7% for FC (fertilizer control), and +6.3%, -2.9%, and +3.9% for RSM (rice straw mulching) respectively. In general, effective was the best for SS and T-P reductions, and the FC was the best for T-N reduction. The negative effect of T-N on RSM was induced by increase in infiltration and solute transport to baseflow. Under the future climate change scenarios, the SS, T-N, and T-P reduction efficiency showed the range of +1.9∼+11.6%, -1.9∼+0.2%, and +5.3∼+11.9% respectively. The 3 BMPs (VFS, FC, and RSM) application in the future showed negative and little differences (-0.5∼+1.6%) for SS and T-N reduction efficiencies while T-P reduction efficiency showed +0.3∼+7.6% comparing with the baseline period. To achieve an increase in the reduction efficiency of future SS and T-N by +2∼+10%, the combined application of more than two BMPs is necessary.
