Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers publishes peer-reviewed research articles in engineering to help better understand and thus solve problems in agriculture, environment, food and other biological systems. Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers presents cutting-edge research on a broad range of topics including irrigation and drainage, soil and water conservation, rural planning and development, agricultural structure & environmental control, rural environment & natural resources management, and more.
Gaining an accurate 3D stream geometry has become feasible with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), which is crucial for better understanding stream hydrodynamic processes. The objective of this study was to investigate series of filters to remove stream vegetation and propose the best method for generating Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) using UAV-based point clouds. A stream reach approximately 500 m of the Bokha stream in Icheon city was selected as the study area. Point clouds were obtained in August 1st, 2023, using Phantom 4 multispectral and Zenmuse L1 for Structure from Motion (SfM) and Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) respectively. Three vegetation filters, two morphological filters, and six composite filters which combined vegetation and morphological filters were applied in this study. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used to assess each filters comparing with the two cross-sections measured by leveling survey. The vegetation filters performed better in SfM, especially for short vegetation areas, while the morphological filters demonstrated superior performance on LiDAR, particularly for taller vegetation areas. Overall, the composite filters combining advantages of two types of filters performed better than single filter application. The best method was the combination of Progressive TIN (PTIN) and Color Indicies of Vegetation Extraction (CIVE) for SfM, showing the smallest MAE of 0.169 m. The proposed method in this study can be utilized for constructing DTMs of stream and thus contribute to improving the accuracy of stream hydrodynamic simulations.
Assessment of Drainage Discharge and Nitrate-Nitrogen Loads According to Subsurface Drainage Design in Corn Cultivated Agricultural Land in Illinois, USA
Assessment of Drainage Discharge and Nitrate-Nitrogen Loads According to Subsurface Drainage Design in Corn Cultivated Agricultural Land in Illinois, USA
Subsurface drainage improves crop productivity in poorly drained soils but may also substantially contribute impairment of surface water quality due to excess leaching losses of nutrients like Nitrate-Nitrogen (NO3-N). This research presents preliminary findings from a 3-years tile depth and spacing study in Illinois state that includes three drain spacings implemented in 2 plots. We found that the plot with the narrower subsurface drainage (Case 1) exported more drainage water compared to the plot with the narrower subsurface drainage system (Case 2). The total drainage water from Case 1 plot showed 57% more compared to Case 2 plot. Whereas we observed that the plot with narrower drain spacing (Case 1) exported only 9% more NO3-N leaching losses compared to the wider plot (Case 2). The average corn yield was observed higher in plot Case 1 compared to Case 2. Especially, we observed about 7% higher corn yield in plot Case 1 compared to Case 2 plot in the relatively dried year (2022). The preliminary findings for this study suggest that subsurface drainage systems can be optimized to reduce nutrient losses while improving the crop productivity.
Comparative Analysis of the 2022 Southern Agricultural Drought Using Evapotranspiration-Based ESI and EDDI
박광수 Park Gwang-su , 남원호 Nam Won-ho , 이희진 Lee Hee-jin , 서찬양 Sur Chanyang , 하태현 Ha Tae-hyun , 조영준 Jo Young-jun
Global warming-induced drought inflicts significant socio-economic and environmental damage. In Korea, the persistent drought in the southern region since 2022 has severely affected water supplies, agriculture, forests, and ecosystems due to uneven precipitation distribution. To effectively prepare for and mitigate such impacts, it is imperative to develop proactive measures supported by early monitoring systems. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of multiple evapotranspiration-based drought indices, focusing on the flash drought event in the southern region in 2022. The indices included the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) considering precipitation and temperature, and the Evaporative Stress Index (ESI) based on satellite images. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and SPEI indices utilized temperature and precipitation data from meteorological observation stations, while the ESI index was based on satellite image data provided by the MODIS sensor on the Terra satellite. Additionally, we utilized the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI) provided by the North Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as a supplementary index to ESI, enabling us to perform more effective drought monitoring. We compared the degree and extent of drought in the southern region through four drought indices, and analyzed the causes and effects of drought from various perspectives. Findings indicate that the ESI is more sensitive in detecting the timing and scope of drought, aligning closely with observed drought trends.
Development and Application of Water Balance Network Model in Agricultural Watershed
윤동현 Yoon Dong-hyun , 남원호 Nam Won-ho , 고보성 Koh Bo-sung , 김경모 Kim Kyung-mo , 조영준 Jo Young-jun , 박진현 Park Jin-hyeon
To effectively implement the integrated water management policy outlined in the National Water Management Act, it is essential to analyze agricultural water supply and demand at both basin and water district levels. Currently, agricultural water is primarily distributed through open canal systems and controlled by floodgates, yet the utilization-to-supply ratio remains at a mere 48%. In the case of agricultural water, when analyzing water balance through existing national basin water resource models (K-WEAP, K-MODISM), distortion of supply and regression occurs due to calculation of regression rate based on the concept of net water consumption. In addition, by simplifying the complex and diverse agricultural water supply system within the basin into a single virtual reservoir, it is difficult to analyze the surplus or shortage of agricultural water for each field within the basin. There are limitations in reflecting the characteristics and actual sites of rural water areas, such as inconsistencies with river and reservoir supply priority sites. This study focuses on the development of a model aimed at improving the deficiencies of current water balance analysis methods. The developed model aims to provide standardized water balance analysis nationwide, with initial application to the Anseo standard watershed. Utilizing data from 32 facilities within the standard watershed, the study conducted water balance analysis through watershed linkage, highlighting differences and improvements compared to existing methods.
Exploration of Water Pumping Station Digital Twin System Development Process According to Software Development Methodologies
이병준 Lee Byungjoon , 김난영 Kim Nanyoung , 윤성수 Yoon Seongsoo
The purpose of this study is to examine the methodology for applying digital twin technology to pumping station, identify the factors to be determined at each stage, and present its applicability. When analyzing the requirements for developing a digital twin for pumping station, they were categorized into service requirements, IoT device requirements, and gateway requirements, with a total of 39 requirements established. In system design, it was structured according to the principles of modularity, abstraction, stepwise decomposition, and information hiding, allowing the implementation of planned items for diagnosis and operational management. There are difficulties in setting communication-related protocols and applying them in the field due to the complexity of overseeing the entire system with data. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the purpose of the system, and there are challenges in identifying the characteristics of individual facilities, such as pumps in pumping station, and fully incorporating them into the system process. Thus, the framework of the initial design is crucial for implementing a digital twin.
