민지애 Min Jee-ae , 장윤성 Chang Yoon-seong , 김민경 Kim Minkyung , 오흥근 Oh Heungkeun , 김주미 Kim Jumi

DOI:10.5389/KSAE.2025.67.3.001 JKWST Vol.67(No.3) 1-15, 2025

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Forests, covering 64% of South Korea’s land, play a crucial role in maintaining watershed water quality. However, non-point source pollutants originating from forests can spread across vast areas through various pathways, necessitating effective governance for forest non-point source pollution (FNSP) management. This study analyzes stakeholder perceptions and participation intentions regarding FNSP governance in Jeonbuk-do, a region with high pollution levels. The findings reveal that stakeholder perceptions vary by group, with academia, experts, and private sector representatives demonstrating higher awareness than government and public sector groups. Additionally, significant differences in participation intentions were observed based on age, education level, and stakeholder type. Notably, private sector stakeholders expressed a stronger willingness to participate compared to government and public sector groups. The analysis of governance requirements for FNSP management indicates that the most appropriate spatial scope is at the city and county levels (mid-watershed). Regarding governance functions, academia, experts, and private sector groups prioritized issue selection, whereas government and public sector groups emphasized project implementation. To enhance stakeholder participation and improve FNSP management, it is essential to develop targeted strategies and guidelines that encourage engagement and establish effective governance structures.

청리광 Cheng Liguang , 박현수 Park Hyunsu , 김동현 Kim Dong-hyeon , 허용구 Her Younggu , 장태일 Jang Taeil

DOI:10.5389/KSAE.2025.67.3.017 JKWST Vol.67(No.3) 17-28, 2025

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Effective water management in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields is crucial for maximizing crop yields, enhancing nutritional content, and increasing domestic wheat production. This study aimed to assess the effects on the physiological indices, crop yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of different irrigation conditions in the winter wheat fields from 2021 to 2022. The experimental zones were designed with the following irrigation treatments: Treatment A (drought condition: using a rainout shelter to exclude rainfall, with no irrigation applied), Treatment B (rainfed condition: conventional practice), Treatment C (irrigation based on real-time soil moisture), and Treatment D (waterlogging condition). The crop yield and WUE in treatment C were 22.3-25.8% higher than in the other zones. The leaf area index in treatment C was also significantly higher, increasing by 10.1-12.2%. The results indicate that supplementary irrigation during the flowering stage improved crop growth, yield, and WUE by up to 25% from the flowering to the harvest stage. These findings suggest that proper irrigation based on real-time soil moisture sensing during the flowering stage is essential for winter wheat production, especially in regions with traditional rainfall patterns, such as the spring drought period in Korea. This approach will enhance sustainable wheat production efficiency.

오서주 Oh Seoju , 김시내 Kim Sinae , 곽지혜 Kwak Jihye , 박성재 Park Seongjae , 안재영 An Jaeyoung , 김지혜 Kim Jihye , 강문성 Kang Moon Seong

DOI:10.5389/KSAE.2025.67.3.029 JKWST Vol.67(No.3) 29-44, 2025

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Soil erosion causes farmland degradation and water pollution in nearby rivers. The intensification of soil erosion is linked to increasing rainfall intensity and the frequency of extreme precipitation events, highlighting the need to analyze the impacts of climate change on soil erosion. This study calculated the rainfall erosivity factor (R factor) at the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), using 1-hour rainfall data from 1973 to 2023 at 60 sites. Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope were used to assess its spatio-temporal variation. Furthermore, the influence of temporal resolution on the R factor was examined by comparing R factors derived from 1-minute and 1-hour rainfall data over the past 24 years. The study revealed a significant increase in R factors at 20 sites. The highest increasing tendency of R factors were observed in the southern coastal regions and Jeju Island, identified as the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Conversely, most inland areas showed no trend of increasing R factors, except the northern regions of the Sobaek Mountains. Additionally, R factors calculated using 1-minute rainfall data were approximately 272 MJ·mm/ha/hr/yr higher than those derived from 1-hour rainfall data. This discrepancy highlights the limitations of estimating the maximum 30-minute rainfall intensity (I₃₀) using 1-hour rainfall data. To complement temporal resolution, new I₃₀ conversion factors has been proposed. The findings underscore the necessity of periodic recalibration of R factors to account for the impacts of climate change and emphasize the importance of high-resolution temporal rainfall data for accurate R factor estimation.

이선아 Lee Seonah , 박민경 Bak Mingyeong , 안용빈 An Yongbin , 김은령 Kim Eunryeong , 홍은미 Hong Eunmi

DOI:10.5389/KSAE.2025.67.3.045 JKWST Vol.67(No.3) 45-58, 2025

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This study evaluated the effectiveness of non-point source pollution management projects and the changes in residents’ awareness and capabilities through community-led turbidity monitoring activities. By voluntarily measuring turbidity and monitoring environmental changes, residents were able to complement data collection during periods that are difficult for experts to access. The process significantly improved residents’ awareness of water quality improvement and their understanding and practical capabilities regarding non-point source pollution reduction activities. The findings identified key challenges, including the difficulty of changing traditional agricultural practices and a lack of understanding of non-point source pollution reduction measures, highlighting the need for ongoing education and expanded participation programs. Residents showed a strong preference for non-structural Best Management Practices (BMPs), emphasizing the need for support to promote these methods. Despite limitations such as the difficulty of data collection due to regional climate and topographical characteristics and the constraints of short-term research, this study suggests that community-driven non-point source pollution management can contribute to environmental improvement and enhance residents’ awareness. It is essential to expand this model to more regions, enabling residents to participate voluntarily in environmental protection and establish sustainable management systems.

주동혁 Joo Donghyuk , 나라 Na Ra , 김하영 Kim Ha-young , 소의건 So Uigeon , 송인홍 Song Inhong , 이성학 Lee Sunghack , 신길채 Shin Gilchai , 심규현 Shim Kyuhyun , 허건 Heo Gun , 유승환 Yoo Seung-hwan

DOI:10.5389/KSAE.2025.67.3.059 JKWST Vol.67(No.3) 59-70, 2025

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The Korean Rural Community Corporation (KRC) classifies Ⅰ reservoirs as those with storage capacities of 300,000 m ³ or more, requiring safety inspections, detailed diagnostics, and seismic performance evaluations. Despite these standards, Typhoon Hinnamnor in 2022 caused slope collapses in Wangsin Reservoir (1.83 million m³), triggering emergency evacuations downstream. Revised 2023 design standards mandate the design flood as the maximum of 200-year probability flood, historical maximum flood, or regional maximum flood, with adjustments for fill dams and areas with severe potential damage. However, application methodologies and foundational data remain insufficient, especially for assessing human and material damage. This study analyzed floodplain maps from Emergency Action Plan for 242 reservoirs, using K-FRM to estimate damages by human, urban, agricultural, and public categories. Correlation analyses indicated limited relationships between reservoir specifications and damages, suggesting external factors like urbanization and soil conditions play significant roles. Evaluation of fatalities revealed inconsistencies in reservoir classification based on statistical criteria. Adopting international standards, such as applying PMF for cases with fatalities, could enhance practicality and ensure policy alignment. The study emphasizes fatalities and injuruies as a primary metric for PMF application, supported by material damage as a supplementary factor, providing a basis for revising guidelines and improving agricultural reservoir resilience.

이원영 Lee Wonyoung , 손영환 Son Younghwan , 조상범 Jo Sangbeom , 전지훈 Jeon Jihun , 김태진 Kim Taejin

DOI:10.5389/KSAE.2025.67.3.071 JKWST Vol.67(No.3) 71-83, 2025

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Damage caused by meteorological disasters in domestic greenhouses is increasing. Since 2007, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, and Rural Development Administration have been offering the design standards and specifications for disaster-resistant greenhouse. In a single-type greenhouse specifications, continuous pipe foundations are used to increase the uplift capacity. However, there is no content on the evaluation method of the ultimate uplift capacity. In this study, the uplift capacity characteristic according to the shape of the continuous pipe foundation was analyzed for the prediction of the ultimate uplift capacity. The ultimate uplift capacity was measured through laboratory model test. The ultimate uplift capacity was analyzed by installing continuous pipe foundations with different relative density, continuous pipe diameter, rafter spacing, and unit of rafters. A theoretical equation for the ultimate uplift capacity of continuous pipe foundation was proposed, considering existing theoretical equations for strip footings, pipelines, and piles. The uplift capacity calculated using estimation equation was compared with experimental values for verification, showed the highest correlation with the model test results, and produced the smallest error. Allowable ultimate uplift capacity of continuous pipe foundation can be estimated by taking into account an appropriate safety factor.

이수현 Lee Suhyun , 김유안 Kim Yooan , 서교 Suh Kyo

DOI:10.5389/KSAE.2025.67.3.085 JKWST Vol.67(No.3) 85-96, 2025

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The share of solar energy in South Korea’s renewable energy mix increased from 15% to 53% between 2017 and 2022. However 53% of solar installations are located in forested areas, raising concerns about deforestation. Given that forests cover 63% of the country’s land, the expansion of land-based photovoltaics is limited. Floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems on agricultural reservoirs have emerged as a viable alternative. This study evaluates the feasibility and potential of FPV by incorporating technical, economic, and policy uncertainties. First power generation potential was estimated using regional average solar radiation and reservoir surface area under a baseline scenario. Second, a cost-benefit analysis was conducted, considering financial factors such as the renewable energy certificate (REC), levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), and system marginal price (SMP). The impact of uncertainties, including module efficiency, LCOE, and solar radiation variation, on power generation potential was assessed. Additionally, policy variables such as SMP, installation ratios, and project durations were analyzed. Results indicate that module efficiency had the most significant impact on power generation potential, followed by LCOE. Policy adjustments, including increased installation ratios and extended project durations, led to more than a twofold increase in feasible power generation across all regions. These findings highlight FPV systems on agricultural reservoirs as a sustainable and effective alternative for expanding solar energy capacity in South Korea.