김선주 Sun Joo Kim , 지용근 Yong Geun Jee , 김필식 Phil Shik Kim

DOI: JKWST Vol.47(No.3) 3-13, 2005

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The conceptual rainfall-runoff models are used to predict complex hydrological effects of a basin. However, to obtain reliable results, there are some difficulties and problems in choosing optimum model, calibrating, and verifying the chosen model suitable for hydrological characteristics of the basin. In this study, Genetic Algorithm and SCE-UA method as global optimization methods were applied to compare the each optimization technique and to analyze the application for the rainfall-runoff models. Modified TANK model that is used to calculate outflow for watershed management and reservoir operation etc. was optimized as a long term rainfall-runoff model. And storage-function model that is used to predict real-time flood using historical data was optimized as a short term rainfall-runoff model. The optimized models were applied to simulate runoff on Pyeongchang-river watershed and Bocheong-stream watershed in 2001 and 2002. In the historical data study, the Genetic Algorithm and the SCE-UA method showed consistently good results considering statistical values compared with observed data.

김필식 Phil Shik Kim , 김선주 Sun Joo Kim

DOI: JKWST Vol.47(No.3) 15-25, 2005

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Ninety tow percent of over 1,800 gate controlled dams in Korea are classified as small dams. The primary purpose of these small dams is to supply irrigation water. Therefore, while large dams can store as much as 80 percent of precipitation and thus are efficient to control flood, small dams are often lack of flood control function resulting in increased susceptibility drought and flood events. The purpose of this study is to develope a storage management model for irrigation dams occupying the largest portion of small dams. The proposed Storage Management Model (STMM) can be applied to the Seongju dam for efficient management. Besides, the operation standard is capable of analyzing additional available water, considering water demand and supply conditions of watershed realistically. And the model can improve the flood control capacity and water utilization efficiency by the flexible operation of storage space. Consequently, if the small dams are managed by the proposed Storage management model, it is possible to maximize water resources securance and minimize drought and flood damages.

서원명 Suh Won Myung , 윤용철 Yoon Yong Cheol

DOI: JKWST Vol.47(No.3) 29-37, 2005

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This study was carried out to file up structural design data for optimizing Pleurotus eryngii growing houses. Design data are including current farm status of Pleurotus eryngii growing houses in the aspect of structural configuration as well as environmental conditions to be controlled and maintained inside. A structural analysis was performed for the on-farm structures as well as some structures modified and suggested through field survey and analysis. The results are summarized as follows. According to the results of status analysis, Pleurotus eryngii growing houses were categorized as arch-roofed simple type and sandwich panel type. Though the size of Pleurotus eryngii cultivation facilities were considerably diverse, the basic dimensions of Pleurotus eryngii cultivation facilities showed relatively similar pattern: more or less of 20m of length, 6.6~7.0m of width, 4.6~5.0m of peak height, 1.2~1.6m of bed width, and 4 layers of bed. In the aspect of spatial use of cultivation facilities, suggested models were shown to be mostly reasonable in the aspect of heating and cooling, micro-meteorological stability, land use efficiency per unit floor area, etc.. Especially, the standard models suggested so far were thought to be not efficient in its surface area and spatial volume per unit floor area as well as its uneffective structural design in the area around ceiling. In the results of structural analysis for the models suggested through this study by using those section frames to be found on farms, the panel type structures of both single span and double span were estimated to be over designed, whereas arch-roofed pipe houses were mostly found to be under-designed.

원종필 Won Jong Pil , 공태웅 Kong Tae Woong

DOI: JKWST Vol.47(No.3) 41-48, 2005

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The purpose of this study is to improve the performance of jet set cement, which mixed with the mineral admixtures such as silica fume, fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag. First, the test of mortar according to the substitute ratio of mineral admixtures were evaluated. And then using it obtained from test results, it was conducted with experiment of mechanical, physical and permeable characteristics of concrete. Laboratory test results showed that concrete substituted for 5% of silica fume didn't have an effect on prominent performance relating to compressive strength. However it was superior to concrete in case of resistance of chloride permeation.

김상철 Kim Sang Chul , 이상호 Lee Sang Ho

DOI: JKWST Vol.47(No.3) 49-56, 2005

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This study was conducted by the tests of materials engineering and soil mechanics to see the strength characteristics of the ‘Cement-Mixed Soil'. To sum up my experiments, I would like to present the results which are the theoretical base and fundamental data to establish the standard design including the design of mixing proportions of the soil as a construction material. In conclusion, in this study the optimum cement mixing ratio is 9% and in this ratio the optimum moisture content of compaction work is 19.3% from the analysis of the strength characteristics, as well as in con-sideration of the economic profits and nature familiar facts.

윤광식 Yoon Kwang Sik , 김영주 Kim Young Joo , 윤석군 Yoon Suk Gun , 정재운 Jung Jae Woon , 한국헌 Han Kuk Heon

DOI: JKWST Vol.47(No.3) 59-68, 2005

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The rainfall-runoff potential of Jangseong reservoir watershed was studied based on SCS (Soil Conservation Service, which is now the NRCS, Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA) runoff curve number (CN) technique. Precipitation and reservoir operation data had been collected. The rainfall-runoff pairs from the watershed for ten years was estimated using reservoir water balance analysis using reservoir operation records. The maximum retention, S, for each storm event from rainfall-runoff pair was estimated for selected storm events. The estimated S values were arranged in descending order, then its probability distribution was determined as log-normal distribution, and associated CNs were found about probability levels of Pr=0.1, 0.5, and 0.9, respectively. A subwatershed that has the similar portions of land use categories to the whole watershed of Jangseong reservoir was selected and hydrologic monitoring was conducted. CNs for subwatershed were determined using observed data. CNs determined from observed rainfall-runoff data and reservoir water balance analysis were compared to the suggested CNs by the method of SCS-NEH4. The CN_Ⅱ measured and estimated from water balance analysis in this study were 78.0 and 78.1, respectively. However, the CN_Ⅱ, which was determined based on hydrologic soil group, land use, was 67.2 indicating that actual runoff potential of Jangseong reservoir watershed is higher than that evaluated by SCS-NEH4 method. The results showed that watershed runoff potential for large scale agricultural reservoirs needs to be examined for efficient management of water resources and flood prevention.

권순국 Soon-kuk Kwun , 전기설 Gi-seol Cheon , 김성배 Song-bae Kim

DOI: JKWST Vol.47(No.3) 69-76, 2005

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An Absorbent Biofilter System (ABS) combined with the recirculation process was investigated for the feasible application in additional removing of organics (BOD, SS) as well as nutrients (TN, TP) from small Community wastewater in Korea. Polyurethane biofilter media with high porosity and large surface area were used for the aerobic system. A part of treated wastewater was recirculated into the anoxic septic tank to promote removal of nutrients. The concentrations of BOD and SS of treated wastewater satisfied the regula-tions for small on-site wastewater treatment facility (10 mg/L) during the overall experimental period. The effluent concentrations of BOD and SS were decreased with enhancement of removal efficiencies of 95.7 and 96.7%. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies by the recirculation increased to 52.9% and 43.2% in average during the overall experimental period, respectively. With the improvement, these values were increased as much as additional 42 and 18% compared with those of non-recirculation. The rates of nitrification and denitrification were enhanced showing 65~77% and 42~92%, respectively. The described process modification is a low cost and effective method of enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal, especially on existing systems without changing major design components of a treatment facility.

한국헌 Han Kuk-heon , 윤광식 Yoon Kwang-sik , 정재운 Jung Jae-woon , 윤석군 Yoon Suk-gun , 김영주 Kim Young-joo

DOI: JKWST Vol.47(No.3) 77-86, 2005

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A monitoring study has been conducted to identify hydrologic conditions, water quality and nutrient loading characteristics of small watershed in Juam Lake. Climate data of the watershed were collected; flow rate was measured and water quality sampling was conducted at the watershed outlet for this study. Water quality data revealed that T-P concentrations meet I grade of lake water quality standard during non-storm period, but degraded up to II-III grade of lake water quality standard during storm period. The observed T-N concentrations always exceeded lake water quality standard. Therefore, T-P was identified as limiting chemical constituent for eutrophication of Juam Lake. T-P concentration of non-storm period also revealed that point source pollution is not serious in the watershed. Three year monitoring results showed that the observed T-N losses were 10.58~18.88 kg/ha and T-P losses were 0.028~0.323 kg/ha during six month (Mar. - Oct.), respectively. Major portion of runoff amount discharged by a few storm events a year and nutrient load showed apparent seasonal variation. Huge runoff amounts were generated by intense storms, which make application of water treatment or detention facilities ineffective. Monitoring results confirmed that water quality improvement by abating nonpoint source pollution in rural watershed of monsoon climate should be focused on source control. T-P losses from paddy field seemed to consist of significant amount of total load from study watershed. Therefore, management of drainage from paddy field is considered to be important for preventing algal blooming problem in Juam Lake.