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2025 Vol.67, Issue 1 Preview Page
Analysis of GPR Signal Characteristics by Numerical Simulations for Detection of Cavities Underneath a Culvert in Levees

제방 배수통문 하부 공동 탐지를 위한 수치모의에 의한 GPR 신호 특성 분석

Du Han Leea
,
Heeseong Parkb†
이 두한a
,
박 희성b†
aSenior Research Fellow, Department of Hydro Science and Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology
bResearch Fellow, Department of Hydro Science and Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology
†Corresponding author Tel.: +82-31-910-0517, Fax: +82-31-910-0757 E-mail: hspark90@kict.re.kr
2025. pp. 29-47
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Abstract

The development of cavities underneath a culvert in levees lead to levee collapse, and it is crucial to inspect for cavity formation to ensure flood control stability. However, there are currently no methods available domestically to verify these cavities. This study analyzes the characteristics of reflection signals from cavities beneath drainage sluice gates using numerical simulations to verify the potential of detecting these cavities with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). To simulate the GPR signal responses numerically, the open-source program gprMax, which solves Maxwell’s equations using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method, is applied. Numerical simulation cases are constructed with variables such as concrete thickness, presence of rebar, and cavity location, considering the structural features of cavities. Three commonly used GPR antenna modules, GSSI 400 MHz, GSSI 1.5 GHz, and MALA 1.2 GHz, are applied. Under reinforced concrete conditions, various scales of hyperbolas overlapped due to reflections and double reflections from the rebar, making the B-Scan complex. The GSSI 1.5 GHz could somewhat distinguish contact cavities up to a concrete thickness of 0.3 m, but have difficulty distinguishing isolated cavities. The MALA 1.2 GHz has difficulty distinguishing between contact and isolated cavities in the presence of rebar. Despite some limitations, the high-frequency GPRs show potential for distinguishing cavities beneath a culvert and characteristics of reflections caused by cavities are presented in the study. However, for practical application, it is deemed necessary to derive signal characteristics considering field conditions, such as inhomogeneity of field media, through GPR field data collection and analysis.

Keywords
GPR
gprMax
culvert
cavities
Maxwell equation
References

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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국농공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국농공학회논문집
  • Volume : 67
  • No :1
  • Pages :29-47
  • Received Date : 2024-09-12
  • Revised Date : 2024-11-19
  • Accepted Date : 2024-11-21
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